Smarter Spectrum Policy Could Unlock Europe's 5G SA Investment Gap, GSMA Warns
SHERIDAN, WYOMING - December 10, 2025 - A new GSMA Intelligence report argues that European mobile operators could unlock billions in network investment, accelerate standalone 5G (5G SA) deployments and boost economic output-if policymakers adopt a more disciplined, long-term approach to spectrum pricing and renewals. As more than 500 spectrum licences come up for renewal over the next decade, the study frames spectrum policy as one of the most powerful levers for Europe's digital competitiveness.
Rising spectrum costs squeeze capex for 5G SA and beyond
The report, Spectrum pricing and renewals in Europe, traces how legacy auction and pricing strategies have driven up total spectrum costs over the past ten years. According to GSMA Intelligence, spectrum fees now absorb around 8% of recurring mobile operator revenues, directly limiting financial headroom for 5G roll-out, fibre backhaul and future network upgrades.